{"id":8456,"date":"2024-04-20T15:41:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-20T06:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/?p=8456"},"modified":"2024-04-26T11:39:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T02:39:54","slug":"matplotlib-%e3%81%a7%e5%86%86%e3%81%a8%e7%9b%b4%e8%a7%92%e4%b8%89%e8%a7%92%e5%bd%a2%e3%81%a7%e4%b8%89%e8%a7%92%e9%96%a2%e6%95%b0%e3%81%ae%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e3%81%ae%e5%9b%b3%e3%82%92%e6%8f%8f%e3%81%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/8456\/","title":{"rendered":"Matplotlib \u3067\u5186\u3068\u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u3067\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306e\u56f3\u3092\u63cf\u304f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html\">\n<p>\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306e\u56f3\u3092 Matplotlib \u3060\u3051\u3067\u63cf\u304f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306a\u3069\u3067\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/%e7%90%86%e5%b7%a5%e7%b3%bb%e3%81%ae%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6b\/%e4%b8%89%e8%a7%92%e9%96%a2%e6%95%b0%e3%81%ae%e5%be%ae%e5%88%86\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5fae\u5206<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"input\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\">In\u00a0[1]:<\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"input_area\">\n<div class=\" highlight hl-ipython3\">\n<pre><span class=\"kn\">import<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">matplotlib.pyplot<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">plt<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"kn\">import<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">matplotlib.patches<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">patches<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"kn\">import<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">numpy<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">np<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092 SVG \u3067 Notebook \u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u8868\u793a<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"o\">%<\/span><span class=\"k\">config<\/span> InlineBackend.figure_formats = ['svg']\r\n\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">rcParams<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'mathtext.fontset'<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">'cm'<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u672c\u683c\u7684\u306b full latex \u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f True \u306b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b...<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">rcParams<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"text.usetex\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">False<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"input\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\">In\u00a0[2]:<\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"input_area\">\n<div class=\" highlight hl-ipython3\">\n<pre><span class=\"n\">fig<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">figure<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">figsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mf\">6.4<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">6.4<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fig<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_subplot<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">aspect<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'equal'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">fig<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">tight_layout<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u539f\u70b9\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3057\u305f\u534a\u5f84 1 \u306e\u5186<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">en1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Circle<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">radius<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">fill<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"kc\">False<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"purple\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">en1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u5186\u4e0a\u306e\u70b9 P \u306e\u5ea7\u6a19<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">x1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">cos<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">radians<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">60<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">y1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">sin<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">radians<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">60<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u70b9 P<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">scatter<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">zorder<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"purple\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"o\">+<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.02<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"o\">+<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.02<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$P\\,(x, y)$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'purple'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u306e3\u8fba<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> \r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"k\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> \r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"blue\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span>\r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"red\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.08<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.08<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$O$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.48<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$r$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.24<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.08<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$x$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'blue'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.53<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.38<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$y$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'red'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u70b9 P \u304b\u3089 y \u8ef8\u3078\u306e\u5e73\u884c\u306a\u7dda<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># plt.plot([0, x1],<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\">#          [y1, y1], ls = ':',lw=0.8, c=\"gray\")<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u89d2\u5ea6 \u03b8 \u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">arc1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Arc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"n\">width<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.18<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">height<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.18<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">theta1<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">theta2<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">60<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"green\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">arc2<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Arc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"n\">width<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">height<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">theta1<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">theta2<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">60<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"green\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">arc1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">arc2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.05<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$\\theta$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'green'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u76f4\u89d2\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.45<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.45<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.5<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span>\r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.05<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.05<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">zorder<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u8868\u793a\u7bc4\u56f2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">set_xlim<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">set_ylim<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u76ee\u76db\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">axis<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kc\">False<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># x\u8ef8 y\u8ef8\u306f dashed \u306b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">axhline<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">':'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">lw<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">axvline<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ls<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">':'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">lw<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>;\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"output\">\n<div class=\"output_area\">\n<div class=\"prompt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"output_svg output_subarea \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-8451\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/76\/trigfuncs.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html\">$$<br \/>\n\\cos{\\color{green}{\\theta}} = \\frac{\\color{blue}{x}}{r}, \\quad<br \/>\n\\sin{\\color{green}{\\theta}} = \\frac{\\color{red}{y}}{r}, \\quad<br \/>\n\\tan{\\color{green}{\\theta}} = \\frac{\\color{red}{y}}{\\color{blue}{x}} = \\frac{\\sin{\\color{green}{\\theta}}}{\\cos{\\color{green}{\\theta}}}<br \/>\n$$<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"input\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\">In\u00a0[3]:<\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"input_area\">\n<div class=\" highlight hl-ipython3\">\n<pre><span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">rcParams<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"text.usetex\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">True<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"input\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\">In\u00a0[4]:<\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"input_area\">\n<div class=\" highlight hl-ipython3\">\n<pre><span class=\"n\">fig<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">figure<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">figsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mf\">6.4<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fig<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_subplot<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">aspect<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'equal'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">fig<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">tight_layout<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u5186\u4e0a\u306e\u70b9 P \u306e\u5ea7\u6a19<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">y1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">cos<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">radians<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">60<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">x1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">sin<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">np<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">radians<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">60<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u76f4\u89d2\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u306e3\u8fba<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> \r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"k\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> \r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"blue\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span>\r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"red\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.42<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$r$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.05<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.25<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$x$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'blue'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.39<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.05<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$y$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'red'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u89d2\u5ea6 \u03b8 \u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">arc1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Arc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"n\">width<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.16<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">height<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.16<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">theta1<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">270<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">theta2<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">330<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"green\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">arc2<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Arc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y1<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"n\">width<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.18<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">height<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.18<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">theta1<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">270<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">theta2<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">330<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"green\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">arc1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">arc2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.05<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.38<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$\\theta$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'green'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u89d2\u5ea6 \u03c0\/2 - \u03b8 \u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">arc1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Arc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"n\">width<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.25<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">height<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.25<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">theta1<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">150<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">theta2<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">180<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"purple\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">arc2<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">patches<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">Arc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">xy<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"n\">width<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.27<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">height<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.27<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">theta1<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">150<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">theta2<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">180<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">edgecolor<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"purple\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">linewidth<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">arc1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">add_patch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">arc2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># plt.rcParams[\"text.usetex\"] = True \u304c\u5fc5\u8981<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.6<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.04<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sa\">r<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"$\\displaystyle\\frac{\\pi}<\/span><span class=\"si\">{2}<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> -\\theta$\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> \r\n        <span class=\"n\">fontsize<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\"xx-large\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'purple'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u76f4\u89d2\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">plt<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">plot<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.045<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.045<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> \r\n         <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.045<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.045<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span>\r\n         <span class=\"n\">c<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"s1\">'k'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">zorder<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u8868\u793a\u7bc4\u56f2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">set_xlim<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">set_ylim<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mf\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mf\">0.6<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"c1\"># \u76ee\u76db\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"n\">ax<\/span><span class=\"o\">.<\/span><span class=\"n\">axis<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kc\">False<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"output\">\n<div class=\"output_area\">\n<div class=\"prompt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"output_svg output_subarea \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-8454\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/76\/trigfunc2.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered\">\n<div class=\"prompt input_prompt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"inner_cell\">\n<div class=\"text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html\">$$\\cos\\left( {\\color{purple}{\\frac{\\pi}{2}\u00a0 -\\theta}}\\right) = \\frac{\\color{red}{y}}{r} = \\sin {\\color{green}{\\theta}}, \\quad \\sin\\left( {\\color{purple}{\\frac{\\pi}{2}\u00a0 -\\theta}}\\right)\u00a0 = \\frac{\\color{blue}{x}}{r} = \\cos {\\color{green}{\\theta}}$$<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306e\u56f3\u3092 Matplotlib \u3060\u3051\u3067\u63cf\u304f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306a\u3069\u3067\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3002<\/p><p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/8456\/\">\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e09\u89d2\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5fae\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-matplotlib","category-21","nodate","item-wrap"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8456"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8459,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8456\/revisions\/8459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}