{"id":2642,"date":"2022-03-26T15:58:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-26T06:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/?page_id=2642"},"modified":"2022-03-28T09:56:07","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T00:56:07","slug":"%e6%99%82%e9%96%93%e5%a4%89%e5%8b%95%e3%81%97%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e9%9b%bb%e7%a3%81%e5%a0%b4%e3%81%ab%e5%af%be%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e3%83%9e%e3%82%af%e3%82%b9%e3%82%a6%e3%82%a7%e3%83%ab%e6%96%b9%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/%e9%9b%bb%e7%a3%81%e6%b0%97%e5%ad%a6-i\/%e6%99%82%e9%96%93%e5%a4%89%e5%8b%95%e3%81%97%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e9%9b%bb%e7%a3%81%e5%a0%b4%e3%81%ab%e5%af%be%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e3%83%9e%e3%82%af%e3%82%b9%e3%82%a6%e3%82%a7%e3%83%ab%e6%96%b9%e7%a8%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6642\u9593\u5909\u52d5\u3057\u306a\u3044\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1648277853333_1366\">\\begin{eqnarray}<br \/>\n\\nabla\\cdot \\boldsymbol{D} &amp;=&amp; \\rho \\quad \\tag{1}\\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\cdot\\boldsymbol{B} &amp;=&amp; 0 \\quad \\tag{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{E} + \\color{red}{\\frac{\\partial \\boldsymbol{B}}{\\partial t} }&amp;=&amp; \\boldsymbol{0} \\quad \\tag{3}\\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{H} &#8211; \\color{red}{\\frac{\\partial \\boldsymbol{D}}{\\partial t} }&amp;=&amp; \\boldsymbol{J} \\quad \\tag{4}\\end{eqnarray}<\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u304c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c<br \/>\n\\begin{eqnarray}\\nabla\\cdot \\boldsymbol{D} &amp;=&amp; \\rho \\quad \\tag{1}\\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\cdot\\boldsymbol{B} &amp;=&amp; 0 \\quad \\tag{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{E} &amp;=&amp; \\boldsymbol{0} \\quad \\tag{$3^{\\prime}$}\\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{H}&amp;=&amp; \\boldsymbol{J} \\quad \\tag{$4^{\\prime}$}\\end{eqnarray}<\/p>\n<h3>\u9759\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u96fb\u5834\u306f\u96fb\u5834\u3060\u3051\u3067\uff08\u78c1\u5834\u304c\u3069\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\uff09\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n$$\\nabla\\cdot \\boldsymbol{D} = \\rho, \\quad \\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{E} = \\boldsymbol{0}, \\quad \\boldsymbol{E} = \\frac{1}{\\varepsilon_0} \\boldsymbol{D} $$<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u306f\uff0c\\( \\boldsymbol{E} \\) \u3060\u3051\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u3057\u3066<br \/>\n$$\\nabla\\cdot \\boldsymbol{E} = \\frac{\\rho}{\\varepsilon_0}, \\quad \\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{E} = \\boldsymbol{0} $$<\/p>\n<h4>\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3068\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u5834\u306e2\u968e\u5fae\u5206\u306e\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3057\u3066\uff0c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u4f55\u304b\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u30fb\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\uff0c\u3042\u308b\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u5834\u306e\u52fe\u914d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/strong><\/span>\u304b\u3089<\/p>\n<p>$$\\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{E} = \\boldsymbol{0} \\ \\ \\Rightarrow\\ \\\u00a0 \\boldsymbol{E} \\equiv &#8211; \\nabla \\phi$$<\/p>\n<p>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u95a2\u6570 \\(\\phi(\\boldsymbol{r})\\) \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u53f3\u8fba\u306b\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u7b26\u53f7\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u304c\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306f\u307e\u305f\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u96fb\u4f4d<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u30022\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u96fb\u4f4d\u306e\u5dee\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\uff08\u96fb\u6c17\u5de5\u5b66\u3067\u306f\uff09\u7279\u306b\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u96fb\u5727<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3053\u306e\u96fb\u5727\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u306f \\(\\mbox{V}\\) \uff08\u30dc\u30eb\u30c8\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u9759\u96fb\u6c17\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e1\u756a\u76ee\u306f \\( \\nabla\\cdot\\nabla \\equiv \\nabla^2 \\) \u3068\u3044\u3046<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u30e9\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/strong><\/span>\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>$$\\nabla\\cdot \\boldsymbol{E} = \\frac{\\rho}{\\varepsilon_0}\\quad\\Rightarrow\\quad \\nabla^2 \\phi = &#8211; \\frac{\\rho}{\\varepsilon_0} $$<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u306e2\u968e\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u5de6\u8fba\u304c\uff0c\u3042\u308b\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u30e9\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u304c\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\uff0c\u53f3\u8fba\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u30b9\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u306e\u5f0f\uff09\u3092\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u9759\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>$$ \\nabla^2 \\phi = &#8211; \\frac{\\rho}{\\varepsilon_0}, \\quad \\boldsymbol{E} = &#8211; \\nabla \\phi $$<br \/>\n\u307e\u305a\uff0c\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6 \\(\\rho(\\boldsymbol{r})\\) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\phi \\) \u3092\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c42\u3081\uff0c\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\phi \\) \u306e\u52fe\u914d\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u96fb\u5834 \\( \\boldsymbol{E}\\) \u304c\u6c42\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9759\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff0c\u78c1\u5834\u306f\u78c1\u5834\u3060\u3051\u3067\uff08\u96fb\u5834\u304c\u3069\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\uff09\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n$$\\nabla\\cdot\\boldsymbol{B} = 0, \\quad \\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{H}= \\boldsymbol{J}, \\quad \\boldsymbol{H} = \\frac{1}{\\mu_0} \\boldsymbol{B}$$<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u306f\uff0c\\( \\boldsymbol{B} \\) \u3060\u3051\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u3057\u3066<br \/>\n$$\\nabla\\cdot\\boldsymbol{B} = 0, \\quad \\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{B}= \\mu_0\\,\\boldsymbol{J} = \\frac{\\boldsymbol{J} }{\\varepsilon_0 c^2}$$<\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u305c \\(\\displaystyle \\mu_0 = \\frac{1}{\\varepsilon_0 c^2}\\) \u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306f\uff0c\u3044\u3064\u304b\u5225\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3068\u4efb\u610f\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u5834\u306e2\u968e\u5fae\u5206\u306e\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\u3092\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3057\u3066\uff0c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u4f55\u304b\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u767a\u6563\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\uff0c\u3042\u308b\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u5834\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u3051\u308b<\/strong><\/span>\u304b\u3089<\/p>\n<p>$$ \\nabla \\cdot \\boldsymbol{B} = 0 \\quad\\Rightarrow\\quad \\boldsymbol{B}\u00a0 \\equiv \\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{A}$$<\/p>\n<p>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u5834 \\(\\boldsymbol{A}\\) \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u4efb\u610f\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u4efb\u610f\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff0c\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c<br \/>\n$$ \\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{E} = \\boldsymbol{0} \\quad\\Rightarrow\\quad \\boldsymbol{E} \\equiv &#8211; \\nabla \\phi$$\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\phi\\) \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\phi\\) \u306b\u4efb\u610f\u5b9a\u6570 \\(K\\) \u3092\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u5225\u306e\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\phi&#8217;\\) \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082<br \/>\n$$ \\phi&#8217; = \\phi + K \\quad\\Rightarrow\\quad &#8211; \\nabla \\phi&#8217; = &#8211; \\nabla \\phi = \\boldsymbol{E}$$<br \/>\n\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c1\u3064\u306e\u96fb\u5834 \\(\\boldsymbol{E}\\) \u3092\u8868\u3059\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306f\u552f\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u306b\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u5b9a\u6570 \\(K\\) \u3060\u3051\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9759\u96fb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u3053\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u306f\uff0c\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u539f\u70b9\u3092\u3069\u3046\u3068\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u69d8\u306a\uff08\u3088\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u5165\u3063\u305f\uff09\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u306f\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78c1\u675f\u5bc6\u5ea6 \\(\\boldsymbol{B}\\) \u306f\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\boldsymbol{A}\\) \u306e\u56de\u8ee2\uff08\u3068\u3044\u3046\u504f\u5fae\u5206\uff09\u304b\u3089\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u5b9a\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3082\u7b54\u3048\u306f\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u306f\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u304c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4efb\u610f\u95a2\u6570 \\(\\psi\\) \u306e\u52fe\u914d \\(\\nabla\\psi\\) \u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3082<br \/>\n\\begin{eqnarray}<br \/>\n\\boldsymbol{A}&#8217; &amp;\\equiv&amp; \\boldsymbol{A} + \\nabla \\psi \\\\<br \/>\n&amp;\\Downarrow&amp; \\\\<br \/>\n\\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{A}&#8217; &amp;=&amp; \\nabla\\times (\\boldsymbol{A} + \\nabla \\psi) \\\\<br \/>\n&amp;=&amp; \\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{A} + \\nabla\\times (\\nabla \\psi) \\\\<br \/>\n&amp;=&amp; \\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{A}\\\\<br \/>\n&amp;=&amp; \\boldsymbol{B}<br \/>\n\\end{eqnarray}<br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f\uff08\u52fe\u914d\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u306f\u6052\u7b49\u7684\u306b\u30bc\u30ed\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c1\u3064\u306e\u78c1\u675f\u5bc6\u5ea6 \\(\\boldsymbol{B}\\) \u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306f\u552f\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u306b\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\\(\\boldsymbol{A}\\) \u3082 \\(\\boldsymbol{A}&#8217;\\) \u3082\u540c\u3058 \\(\\boldsymbol{B}\\) \u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\uff0c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u95a2\u6570 \\(\\psi\\) \u306e\u52fe\u914d \\(\\nabla\\psi\\) \u3092\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3082\u7b54\u3048\u306f\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u6761\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>\u3055\u3066\uff0c\\(\\boldsymbol{B} = \\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{A}\\) \u3068\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u9759\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e2\u756a\u76ee\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068<br \/>\n\\begin{eqnarray}<br \/>\n\\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{B} = \\nabla\\times (\\nabla\\times\\boldsymbol{A}) = \\nabla(\\nabla\\cdot\\boldsymbol{A}) &#8211; \\nabla^2 \\boldsymbol{A} = \\frac{\\boldsymbol{J}}{\\varepsilon_0 c^2}<br \/>\n\\end{eqnarray}<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\n$$\\nabla \\cdot \\boldsymbol{A} = 0$$\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9078\u3076\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u30b2\u30fc\u30b8\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3068<br \/>\n$$\u00a0 \\nabla^2 \\boldsymbol{A} = -\\frac{\\boldsymbol{J}}{\\varepsilon_0c^2}$$\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/strong><\/span>\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u9759\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>$$\u00a0 \\nabla^2 \\boldsymbol{A} = -\\frac{\\boldsymbol{J}}{\\varepsilon_0 c^2}, \\quad \\boldsymbol{B}\u00a0 = \\nabla\\times \\boldsymbol{A} $$<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305a\uff0c\u96fb\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6 \\(\\boldsymbol{J}(\\boldsymbol{r})\\) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3064\u304f\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb \\(\\boldsymbol{A}\\) \u3092\uff0c\u30dd\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c42\u3081\uff0c\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u78c1\u5834 \\(\\boldsymbol{B}\\) \u304c\u6c42\u307e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"parent":2561,"menu_order":18,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2642","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2642"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2644,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2642\/revisions\/2644"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.hirosaki-u.ac.jp\/relativity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}